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THE PARTS OF A SAIL EXPLAINED

24/3/2025

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HOW TO CONVERT FROM KNOTS TO BEAUFORT SCALE AND BACK

24/3/2025

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What is sea sickness and how to avoid it?

24/3/2025

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Those of you that have read 'Tales of the Riverbank', might believe that there's "nothing but nothing so absolutely wonderful as messing about in boats", but I'm pretty sure Badger and Ratty hadn't been on the weather rail all night, downwind of a projectile-vomiting Toad.
 
'Mal de mer' as the French would say, is basically motion sickness; the disconnect between what your eyes are seeing and what your balance receptors are telling your brain. It causes the body to react and it makes you feel nauseous - and sometimes vomit; sometimes spectacularly.

In itself this is nothing but unpleasant, although in severe and prolonged cases it can cause dehydration and therefore result in further complications. It is therefore imperative that you keep an eye on a sufferer and encourage them (without nagging) to keep sipping water even if they are feeling very ill.

Remember too, if you are taking medication, including the contraceptive pill, you are in danger of losing its beneficial effects after a bout of vomiting - even once home. 

If you suffer in cars or on flights, it is more likely that you will need to medicate when at sea in rough weather. Common sense would suggest that if you already know that you suffer, be prepared. The key is to medicate early (12 hours before you sail) if the remedies are to have a chance to work.
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what to expect on level 1 of clipper RTW yacht race training

24/3/2025

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Level 1 starts alongside. I guess it'd be hard to start anywhere else! However, expect to be alongside until lunchtime on the first day. There is a lot to learn before you go sailing. At the time of writing, Level 1 Course start at about 1700hrs on a Thursday and you slip lines about lunchtime (ish) the following day. This may change over time so always check with Clipper.
 
Clipper wi​ll have told you when to rock up, which boat you're on and it's likely you'll know who your training team will be.  Each yacht has a skipper and a mate and it's likely they will be on board for several hours before your joining time.

If you are early, it's best to let the office know you are there and use the opportunity to do any paperwork. Don't bother the skipper and mate as they'll be busy doing rig checks and paperwork; so try to keep out of the way until your designated joining time.  In any event, you probably won't be able to get onto the dock as you won't have a security tag. These are issued by Clipper after you formally join.

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what to pack for clipper race training - level 1 training

24/3/2025

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Clipper 68 crew bunk, located in the sail locker. Shower curtains were regularly fitted to keep bunks dryer during sail changes! The 70s are much dryer!

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SUGGESTED PACKING FOR LEVEL 1 (THIS IS PRETTY EXCESSIVE)

  • ​1 x Kit Bag (We suggest your bag is no more than 90 litres and should be soft - not a suitcase! You shouldn't be filling a 90L bag! 70 litres is a good size and should also do you for the race. A bag with rucksack straps makes for easier travelling when on foot or transferring from airports, etc. Waterproof is a good idea - but certainly not essential. A separate zipped up area for laundry is useful).
  • 1 x Washbag (If it has a hook to hang it up in the showers ashore, so much the better. Consider packing breath mints and aerosol deodorant. Even if you don't need the breath mints you can always offer them to more needy souls and aerosol deodorant is known in the industry as 'a shower in a can' and, apparently, a 'pommy shower' if you are a 'colonial type'...)
  • 1 x Towel (A chamois style travel towel makes for a less smelly environment below decks! Remember, there may be 12 on board - and 20+ on the race itself).
  • 2 x Clothes pegs (For airing out towel on deck - saves it blowing away).
  • 1 x Sleeping Bag (Again synthetic is best but for L1 Training a warm sleeping bag of any type will be fine.  There are specialist marine sleeping bags on the market, made by Ocean Sleepwear in the UK. For training, you can hire a freshly laundered Ocean bag from us. 
  • 1 x Pillow  A synthetic is best. Down will absorb moisture and mould.
  • 1 x Woolie Hat / Polartec Beanie / Sealskinz waterproof beanie
  • 1 x Sun Hat    We do have sun in the UK sometimes! When it is sunny, a sun hat is useful. As with skiing, the sun on water intensifies the effect.

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the right kit to keep warm at sea in high latitudes

24/3/2025

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Keeping warm at sea is just a matter of preparation and attention to detail.

Of course, on some of the warmer legs, such as leg 1, leg 7 and much of leg 5, keeping warm on board is not a problem. In fact, dealing with 40+ degree temperatures and high levels of humidity below deck is the biggest challenge. If you want to read more on these warmer legs and how to keep cool, click here.

In my experience, staying warm requires that you look after yourself by eating well, staying active and staying as dry as possible and as well insulated as possible. Staying active on the race is rarely a big problem but there is an art to choosing the correct clothing for the conditions.

On a very cold night at sea, when it's wet and rough, with water over the deck (and the crew), staying dry and warm without overheating when busy changing sails, can be tricky. The start of a watch might have you thinking you are under-dressed, and feeling the bitter cold and yet 30 minutes later you might be sweating profusely having just dragged the yankee 1 down the deck, battling against sea state and gale force winds.

Understanding the best way to layer is therefore important.  For a cold ocean, you should be dressed as follows;

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Base Layers (keeps you 'un moist' - wicks away moisture)

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The base layer is critical. It needs to be breathable and comfortable. Worn close to the skin it should 'wick' moisture away when you are wet or sweating. Being quick drying, it's normal to sleep in your base layers which will dry in your sleeping bag.

Base layers should be made of specialist synthetic material that is treated to resist bacteria or made up of merino wool, which is comfortable, wicks well and is largely odor resistant. Bamboo and Icebreaker are well known base layer brands. You should have both jockey shorts and long johns for when it gets really cold.

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i haven't sailed before - is that a problem?

24/3/2025

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Simply put, no - you can be a complete sailing-virgin.​
You don't need to have sailed before in order to do the Clipper Training - but you most certainly must do the training. In fact, if you've done no sailing whatsoever, it might actually help a bit during L1 training. Why? 

Well, those that have done 'a little sailing' tend to have picked up bad habits; habits that they might have been able to get away with on a smaller boat but habits that cannot be tolerated on bigger boats.

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working aloft at sea - some tips and tricks

24/3/2025

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'JRTR' CV9 Qingdao - on a regular mast climb at sea 2011/12 Race: Photo JRTR!
Regular, preventative maintenance of your boat and its systems is critical when undertaking an ocean passage; even more so when you're pushing the boat in race trim. A significant part of your maintenance programme will include your sail wardrobe and standing and running rigging.

To check the rig, blocks and halyards, you're going to need to do a mast ascent and this will mean undertaking a risk assessment. Yes, yes, 'Health and safety', but believe me, the first time you leave the rig in an unplanned swing, you'll be a believer! Climbing a rig when underway is different to when sitting alongside a dock.
​

In any event, before you start, you should be wearing a lifejacket with safety line, helmet, possibly fingerless leather-palmed sailing gloves (optional) and if you are taking tools with you make sure they are clipped to your harness (so that you don't drop them on your crew mate's head).
​
Having a sealable bag on your belt is useful for things like insulation tape, spare bulbs, etc and I'd recommend you take a multitool / safety knife (also on a lanyard) and accessible when you are in your harness. Don't do what I once did and put it in your dry suit thigh pocket, then realise you can't get to it when you need it because your climbing harness prevents access to your pocket!

​
​If you plan on being up there a while, a 70 cm long strop with a carabiner clip on both ends can be useful for attaching yourself more securely to the mast whilst working aloft.

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recommended reading before each clipper race training level

24/3/2025

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The Clipper Race isn't a cheap activity. Therefore, it makes sense to do as much as you can to make yourself as useful as possible on the race. 

To paraphrase John F Kennedy "ask not what your crew can do for you, but what you can do for your crew". Improve your skill set!

Making yourself as knowledgable as possible means you can give more to the boat. Giving more to the boat means you get more back. It's that simple. You should read the Clipper Training manual before Level 1, especially if you are a non-sailor. In fact, if you already sail, reading the Clipper manual is probably just as important, because you'll be learning 'the Clipper way'! Ask the office for the PDF.

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BEFORE LEVEL 1 TRAINING

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​The RYA Syllabus has a logbook in the back which most sailors use for logging their miles and qualifications. If you intend to continue sailing, buy a logbook and get your skipper to sign it at the end of the course - at the debriefing.
You need to decide what is useful to you. If you're a non-sailor just buy the Competent Crew book and knots book (or an app). Day Skipper is a bit too advanced. Before L2, reading the easy-to-read books on sail trim would be a great idea.
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​Before Level 2 Training

Level 2 is spent largely at sea. After building on level 1 training, you'll be off to experience spending time in a watch system. An ideal opportunity to put into practice sail trim and 'tweaking'. Go play! That's what you are at sea for after all.

​Team Spirit is just an interesting read. 
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Before Level 3 and 4 Training

Level 3 concentrates on spinnaker work and race tactics. By now, learning about the weather is also a good idea. There are books produced by the RYA which cover Northern and Southern hemisphere. Dependent on which leg you are racing, consider buying and reading one. They are well illustrated and easy to read.
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how to use the backstays on a clipper race boat

24/3/2025

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Clipper 68 on Training
Notice that the 'working' backstay on your left is not all the way back.. This means it isn't under any real tension and therefore isn't working properly! It should be straight from the yellow line at deck through the block and black line to mast. Photo: Mark Burkes

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First - During my time as a Training Skipper for Clipper - and for other schools - there have always been two things that could sometimes cause confusion. Neither is complicated, but it's easy to over-think them.

One is the process of reefing and throwing out reefs - the other is the proper use of back stays when tacking. In fact, someone asked me about back stays just the other day, so I will try and address the issue in detail here;

1. What are back stays for?

The basic role of the back stay is to help brace the mast when underway, more particularly (but not exclusively) when the stay sail is set. The line that makes up the back stay is effectively part of the rig in the same way as the shrouds, fore stay and back stay, although unlike this 'standing rigging', the back stays can be set or not set. They are effectively, 'running' rigging for this reason.

The decision on whether the back stays are set or not is something that your skipper and watch leaders will make, but in every case I can think of, when the stay sail is up and working, one back stay should always be working. The reason for this is obvious when you stand back and look at where the windward back stay goes to on the mast. It offers additional bracing to the mast to counteract pressure from the inner stay, upon which the stay sail is affixed.

The windward back stay (on the high side) is the 'working' back stay and this is structural. The leeward back stay is 'lazy' and whilst it is lazy it is not structural. However, during the tack, we also use the lazy back stay and tricing line for another purpose (namely to protect crew that are located midships from flogging yankee sheets). I will go into this later.

When the stay sail is down (for example when going down wind) we might still set the windward running backstay, to help brace the mast.

2. Why do we want 'back stays back' before a tack?

When you sit down and think about it, this too is obvious.
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how to pack your ocean sleeping bag for travel

24/3/2025

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I recently came across a post on a #ClipperCrew what's app group.  Thanks Keith for the tip!  You can buy a vacuum pump and various bags for just over a tenner on Amazon and the result is that packing your Ocean Sleepwear bag just got a whole lot more manageable!
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how to keep the ship's log correctly

24/3/2025

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keeping warm for winter training

24/3/2025

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Clipper 68 yacht with snow on deck

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As we approach the UK's winter, it's worth noting that Clipper Yachts are not heated! Some will have a small oil-filled heater & dehumidifier which is aimed, largely, at trying to keep the crew area and sail bags (in the same place on a Clipper 68 training yacht) as dry as possible when alongside and between courses.

However, overnight and when at sea, Winter on a Clipper Training Yacht is cold. When there are lots of people below, it can also get wet, with lots of warm breath and a cold deck making for a chilly rainforest in some conditions.
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The best way to plan for this is to invest in a specialist marine sleeping bag. Ocean Sleepwear do one which is Goretex ™  lined and has dual fleece interiors. These are great bags, but not cheap. The basic mummy-shaped bag comes in at nearly £300 and the square 'Volvo' bag is over £390.

​Our 
pre-used classified ads also have Ocean Bags from time to time. Or you can hire bags from us for as little as £69 for one level of training.

Hire an Ocean Sleeping bag for Training.
An alternative to this has been sourced by me and is available online for about £50. It's the Mountain Warehouse Sutherland sleeping bag. 

We did a quick review of the Sutherland Bag here. And the Ocean Bag here.
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